Atlantic Slave Trade and Christianity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Atlantic Slave Trade and Christianity - Essay Example 213). After its abrogation by the beginning of the nineteenth century, servitude appeared in the South as result of the trans-Atlantic exchange. Christianity by then was at that point present as a result of the European pilgrims and colonizers in the New World. Issues have been raised relating to the legitimateness of subjugation in the laws of God contrasted with the laws of man and the general public. From these things, an inquiry develops: What is the inheritance the Atlantic slave exchange brought to the white and dark Christians In request to address this inquiry, this paper gives a foundation of the Atlantic slave exchange including the principle places who took an interest in the triangular exchange. It additionally makes reference to the job of Christianity in evaluating slave-possession and slave exchange America. Nathan Nunn (2005) reports the all out slave sends out from Africa in the year 1410 up to 1913 as appeared in Figure 1. The Trans-Atlantic slave exchange has the most elevated African slave sends out with a sum of 12.7 million slaves. It is trailed by the Trans-Saharan exchange with around 3 million fares. The Red Sea and Indian Ocean exchanges have 1.3 million and 1.1 million individually. He additionally demonstrated the top African nations that have the most noteworthy slave sends out in a similar length. Nigeria, Zaire and Angola are the three most elevated slave sending out nations with a sum of just about 2 million traded slaves every (12 percent). (Nunn 2005) Figure 1 The Triangular Trade A significant element encompassing the trans-Atlantic exchange is the triangular exchange. In 1450 until the last piece of the nineteenth century, the African slaves were procured by the European nations like Portugal from West Africa. The lords and vendors in Africa completely upheld the routine since they got various assortments of exchange merchandise like dots, cowrie shells, materials, liquor, ponies and weapons. This procedure depicts the primary side of the triangular exchange. From West Africa, the obtained African slaves were shipped to the New World. This speaks to the center or the second side of the triangular exchange. This piece of the exchange was the most exceedingly terrible for the African slaves since they endured ailing health and new sicknesses in transit to the New World. In the wake of arriving at the New World, the slaves dealt with various manors. The last items: cotton, sugar, tobacco, molasses, and rum were delivered to Europe. This plan is the last side of the triangular trade.1 B. Primary Actors Portugal In the year 1502, there were reports of the presence of African slaves in the New World or now the Unites States of America. Portugal was viewed in that time as the nation that held a restraining infrastructure of African slaves for very nearly 200 years beginning from 1440 up to 1640. The Portuguese assumed a significant job in sending out the slaves from Africa during the range of time. For just about four and a half hundreds of years, Portugal had traded an estimated number of 4.5 million African slaves bookkeeping to 40 percent of the general number.2 England England likewise took an interest in the trans-Atlantic slave exchange albeit later it established the prohibiting of slave exchange. In the early many years of the eighteenth century Britain was a key merchant who moved 2.5 million out the 6 million

How to Make a C-Clamp Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Step by step instructions to Make a C-Clamp - Essay Example This improved and increasingly proficient gadget is there since it can deal with the tasks required productively. Progress Until this point in time, we have distinguished the purposes of the c cinch that need improvement to guarantee that the gadget is increasingly compelling and addresses the issues put upon it with negligible change on the structure of the device at a moderate rate. Some specialized changes experienced in the rebuilding of the parts as the drag made on the head and the proficient stringing which are awkward to impact. Be that as it may, the improvement made the gadget fulfill the necessary guidelines of the quality items. Extra Work There are two arrangements of undertakings for fruition in the coming a long time to guarantee the flawlessness of the gadget quality. We will guarantee that the item is a formation of a model apparatus that addresses the issue of the current serious market and the requesting sets of expectations. Anticipated Results Out of the undertaking, we anticipate an aftereffect of a compelling item. The get together of the gadget will guarantee a superior screw head and a progressively effective bracing plate. A C-clip is a bracing gadget that is utilized for the holding of materials either wood or metal and in certain occasions the holding or cinching of materials of plastics or dish sets. It has a shape like the letter C, be that as it may, or a G clasp; since when the screw is included, it appears to be like the capitalized letter G. The clip is made of

Amount of Alcohol in a Standard Alcoholic Drink

Amount of Alcohol in a Standard Alcoholic Drink More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery If you want to make sure you are not exceeding the recommended guidelines for safe alcohol consumption, it helps to know what a standard drink is. In the United States, a standard drink is an alcoholic beverage that contains 14 grams of pure alcohol. In a practical sense, that is 0.6 fluid ounces of pure alcohol, which is about 1.2 tablespoons. Alcoholic beverages are not pure alcohol, so a standard drink is usually more than 0.6 fluid ounces. One Standard Drink Alcoholic beverages contain alcohol, as well as water and other ingredients, and there is a difference in the alcohol content between beer, wine, and hard liquor. The equivalent of one standard drink is calculated based on the percentage of alcohol in the drink.?? Beer/wine coolers: Beer and wine coolers are typically five percent alcohol. A standard drink is 12 fluid ounces.Malt liquor: Malt liquor is approximately 7 percent alcohol, and a standard drink is eight to nine fluid ounces.Cider: Cider is about 6 percent alcohol, and a standard drink is about 10 fluid ounces.Wine: Table wine is 12 percent alcohol, making five fluid ounces a standard drink of wine. Fortified wines, such as sherry or port, are stronger, and a standard drink is three to four fluid ounces.Spirits and liqueur: Spirits are typically 80 proof, which means that they contain 40 percent alcohol, while liqueur typically contains less alcohol. A standard drink of whiskey, gin, vodka, or brandy is one and a half fluid ounces, while a standard drink of liqueur, cordial or aperitif is two to three fluid ounces. Spirits and liqueur are often served in smaller glasses than wine or beer. A shot is typically filled to about one and a half ounces, which is the equivalent of a standard drink. Sometimes, different brands of alcoholic beverages vary in their actual alcohol content, so, while the examples are pretty close to what you should expect, you should check the label to know the exact percentage of alcohol content. Standard Drinks per Bottle When you purchase beverages in their containers, rather than in a cup or glass, you will have more than one standard drink in a container. Whether you plan to share among a group, drink by yourself, finish the bottle all at once, or drink it on several different occasions, it is helpful to know how many drinks there are in a container of alcohol. Beer: There is one standard drink in a regular 12-ounce  can or bottle of beer, and there are one and a half standard drinks in a 16-ounce tall boy. Another container, referred to as a 40s, is made up of 40 ounces of beer, which is the equivalent of three and a half standard drinks.Malt Liquor: Malt liquor contains more alcohol than regular beer. A 12-ounce  can or bottle of malt liquor contains one and a half standard drinks and a 40-ounce container of malt liquor contains four and a half standard drinks.Wine: A 750 ml wine bottle contains at least five standard drinks. A bottle of fortified wine, such as sherry or port, contains almost eight standard drinks.Hard Liquor: A half pint of hard liquor contains four and a half drinks, and one pint contains eight and a half drinks. A fifth (750 ml) contains 17 standard drinks. Its Important to Know What a Standard Drink Is Alcohol consumption puts you at risk of intoxication, which can result in accidents, impaired judgment, or problems such as blacking out, passing out, or alcohol withdrawal.?? Each person has a different response to alcohol, which is dependent on body weight, and metabolism. Drinking many drinks in a short period of time, or drinking when you havent eaten can make you absorb more alcohol in your system, increasing its effects. It is important to recognize what a standard drink is and keep track of how much you drink. Drinking five or more drinks for males, and four or more drinks for females on the same occasion is defined as binge drinking. Heavy alcohol use  is defined as drinking five or more drinks for males, and four or more drinks for females on the same occasion on each of five or more days within a month. If you regularly drink more than the recommended guidelines you may have an alcohol use disorder, and you are also at increased risk of developing health problems due to your alcohol consumption.?? Facts About Alcohol Abuse, Misuse, and Alcoholism

The Days Catapult Before Me - 2178 Words

The days catapult before me. The world is spinning too quickly. It gets harder and harder to retrace my steps. To figure out how I got to be here. THe years expand into eons. It gets easier for me to imagine my mother as a girl. To think about her worn-out heart breaking for the things she couldn t hold on to. And I wonder if I ve let the wrong people go. When you lose a person, a whole universe goes along with them. Sometimes, I picture all my other selves, standing in line like a row of dominoes; separate, but part of the same disjointed whole. How can I hold a single one accountable? No one ever walks away from love, knowing they can never go back. The very first thought I ever had in my entire life was of a black hole. Even now, the black holes dominate my musings. Whilst idle, I imagine the event horizon of a black hole, the edge upon which matter can no longer sustain itself. It is the epitome of annihilation. It rends information limb from limb, molecule from molecule. It ca n consume entire galaxies if so inclined, atom by bleeding atom. But matter can t be destroyed. So where does it go? Thus, the information paradox: it isn t, so it never was, but it was, so it must be. It must have been. This is how I regard my past, sometimes. No matter how I spin, it s always behind me. Summer blesses the hood. The heat is familiar. Beaming tendrils of light stretch their fingertips across the urban setting. The sun breaks free from the horizon, morning announcedShow MoreRelatedThe Anglo Saxons1310 Words   |  6 PagesAnglo Saxons were. The Anglo Saxons made many technology development and their culture is very interesting and their stories everyone loves. First while they were not the first ones to try they were the first ones to build a successful trebuchet, catapult, and mortar. The trebuchet is a siege and defense weapon that uses a counter weight and a rope attached to a object. The catapult.ho is a defense weapon because they couldn t get the height needed to reach over the castle walls. It uses a winchRead MoreThe United States Of The American Dream1317 Words   |  6 Pagesthe American dream was presented to my parents and they graciously took advantage. Every day I am grateful to have been born in this country, and always knew that one day I would serve the United States of America. The clock ticked away, and the time to face the inevitable had arrived. I was twenty-one years old when I stepped into the Navy recruiter’s office. I was set on a speedy course to find a field for me in the military, and soon I was on a plane towards Great Lakes, Illinois. One month exactlyRead MoreNarrative Essay - Trip to 6 Flags946 Words   |  4 Pagessomething to celebrate us leaving Catskill. We spent many lunches at Subways trying to decide what we should do. We started out wanting to go to Cape Cod for the weekend. Then it went from Cape Cod to Boston, Massachusetts. Finally it ended up a day at Six Flags, New England. We decided that the best time to do this was on a Monday morning when everyone else is in school. That way their wouldn’t be as many people there and we could get to the lines quicker. We made a list of all the best ridesRead More Archimedes Essay examples1577 Words   |  7 PagesPeople have been aware of objects floating on water or sink ing since before recorded history. It was not until Archimedes of Syracuse came along, that the theory of flotation and the buoyancy principle were defined. Archimedes was born at Syracuse on the island of Sicily in 287 BC. His father, Phidias, is thought to have been an astronomer who discovered the size and distances of the sun and moon. Archimedes might have been related to King Hieron the second, King Hieron definitely favored ArchimedesRead MoreMy Journey Into Becoming A Teacher Essay971 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen in the area of law enforcement. My stern demeanor and astute character yielded itself to a career in which the rehabilitation of criminal society offered me sound employment but left me empty in which how to reach individuals before they were banished to a world of concrete walls and steel bars. Eventually my life’s compass leads me to marriage, children and the quiet life of a housewife who migrated back to the great state where Republican voices rule and oil refineries seep toxins into theRead More Archimedes Essay727 Words   |  3 Pagesship, of the royal fleet, back into the ocean. Then, Archimedes moved the ship into the sea with only a few movements of his hand, which caused a lever and pulley device to move the ship. This story has become famous because Archimedes said, quot;Give me a place to stand on and I will move the earth. Another invention he invented was the Archimedean screw. This machine was built for raising water to highland areas in Egypt that could not receive water directly from the Nile River. This device is stillRead MoreChapter 8 : Put It All Together For Pre Interview Questions773 Words   |  4 Pagesworkaholic and have no time for them.† Aside from preparing for the possible questions they will ask, make sure to do all the homework necessary about the company and then ask a series of question of your own. â€Å"Do you see me working here?† â€Å"What is the company trying to accomplish by hiring me?† You could take things one step further by impressing the interviewer with â€Å"I read somewhere that your company is preparing to expand into the international market. That is really a smart business decision. How wouldRead MoreStories have been a part and parcel of mankind’s collective consciousness and social culture since800 Words   |  4 Pageslike never before. Whereas, in the days of Yore, the story had to rely on word of mouth, stage and theater artists to reach a wider audience; now through the medium of books and paperbacks, it could reach a far greater and greatly dispersed humanity. As the spread and reach of stories increased, so did their mesmerizing influence on man. Books and paper backs ensured the hitherto unknown writer, author, poet, sage, thinker and philosopher to emerge from the pit of anonymity and catapult him/her toRead MoreThe Allan Gray Orbis Foundation1398 Words   |  6 Pagesstimulation and means to accelerate individuals into positions of extraordinary scope and standing. I hope to stand amongst those great people. I believe I have the talent, passion and compassion to do great things but need guidance and support to enable me to achieve my goals. I hope to take this opportunity and change South Africa and the world by embracing the opportunities it creates. Not only does this opportunity give many means to create change but also to be an Allan Gray Fellow additionally addsRead MoreAlice Pauls Determination in Womens Suffrage833 Words   |  4 Pagesstage a picket, but Paul can twist and engineer one to substantially emphasize its effect. The day before President Woodrow Wilson’s inauguration she planned and staged marches of picketer s to be held in front of the White House. It was she who step by step led the picketers in the marches. Progress, if anything, was Paul’s main agenda, and she was not one to linger in a place that would any less than catapult her towards her goal. For some time, Paul was a member of NAWSA (National American

Photocopier Case Study - 2110 Words

Executive Summary To: Jim Hunking, General Manager - XYZ, London From: Linda McGuire, Purchasing Manager - XYZ, London Subject: Photocopier Contract at Head Office Issue: As you know, this contract renewal process has taken about 11 months, without a clear conclusion yet. I have analyzed the work done thus and would like to propose the following as our new Problem Statement for this requirement. XYZ Canada must find the best overall solution to its document management requirements; optimizing costs, technology, process efficiency and customer support capability. We considered various other options to conclude this assignment, as follows: * Issuing an RFQ * Hiring an external Consultant * In-source or out-source more document†¦show more content†¦Analysis: Strengths - Cost efficient operations, useful in placing major efforts into marketing and product quality. Weaknesses - Too much emphasis on cost control can limit opportunities realized from investing in new processes and capital. Opportunities -Excellent marketing and quality products maintain competitive advantages. Threats - Internal inefficiencies could erode customer relationships and give benefits to competition. Qualitative - *Bidders weren t all given the same details or information, as well as adding bidders along the way. - There doesn t appear to be any planned approach or method involved by Purchasing, neither a competitive bidding process or negotiation. Aside from being non-compliant with Canadian Tendering Laws, it s just plain sloppy purchasing. There s no way to compare proposals equally, nor eventually justify any selection. *Internal Needs amp; Usage Survey - A great deal of useful information came out with this study. It demonstrated a lot of muda/waste in their document handling processes. This was clearly an opportunity to improve efficiencies and costs ! *KPMG Tax Report - This was great timing, in that it gave a very big con to any suggestion for insourcing even more of their document processing. The extra costs andShow MoreRelatedParadoxical Twins Acme and Omega Electronics1694 Words   |  7 PagesCase Study on Paradoxical Twins Acme And Omega Electronics By ABC Paradoxical Twins Acme And Omega Electronics Defining the issue After reading the case of the â€Å"Paradoxical Twins Acme and Omega Electronics†, I found Both Acme and Omega produce similar products and offer similar services. Acme president John Tyler is a very tough going individual and he is portrayed to be an autocratic individual because there is one way communication in Acme. The case provides an opportunity to evaluate bothRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesCONTENTS: CASE STUDIES CASE STUDY 1 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems CASE STUDY I-1 IMT Custom Machine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5 DataRead MoreCanon Business Analysis1340 Words   |  6 PagesCase Study: Canon - Competing on Capabilities Introduction In 1925, a German camera maker named Oskar Barnack, developed a new, ground-breaking camera called the Leica. It was not until 1933 that a company responded to the success of Barnack’s creation and produced their own 35 millimeter version of his innovative design. Thus was born the Canon Company. By the 1950’s, Canon attained the title of leading producer of cameras in Japan. Since that time, Canon has made it a point to expand and diversifyRead MorePractical Applications of an Information Privacy Plan769 Words   |  4 Pageswill address the three questions for each of the three scenarios required by the Case Study: Practical Applications of an Information Privacy Plan which can be found in Chapter 16 of the text Human Resource Information Systems: Basics, Applications, and Future Directions, Second Edition. Keywords: case study Assignment 1 Scenario 1: Roger, a photocopier technician, has been asked to repair an office photocopier that just broke down while someone was copying a grievance matter against an employeeRead MoreParadoxical Twins Acme and Omega Electronics1708 Words   |  7 PagesCase Study on Paradoxical Twins Acme And Omega Electronics By ABC Paradoxical Twins Acme And Omega Electronics Defining the issue After reading the case of the â€Å"Paradoxical Twins Acme and Omega Electronics†, I found Both Acme and Omega produce similar products and offer similar services. Acme president John Tyler is a very tough going individual and he is portrayed to be an autocratic individual because there is one way communication in Acme. The case provides an opportunity to evaluate both AcmeRead MoreThe Strategic Intent Of Each Company1523 Words   |  7 Pageschips to different investors. From this sale, the two plants were divided into separate companies, Acme Electronics and Omega. (Daft, 2015, p. 171) The purpose of this case study analysis is to look at the strategic intent of each company, their organizational goals, and how each company performed while competing for a major photocopier manufacturer’s project. Background As stated earlier, Acme and Omega were originally under the umbrella of Technology Products. The electronics division was sold andRead MoreBSBSUS301a Implement and monitor environmentally sustainable work practices1004 Words   |  5 PagesGuide and state three questions you could ask potential suppliers when embedding sustainability in the purchasing process. 8. Summarise what you consider to be the most important responsibilities of a Sustainability Compliance Officer. Part C - Case study You are employed at TRAL Consulting where the Company Director has recently introduced a sustainability strategy designed to reduce energy, waste and water usage. You have been assigned the role of sustainability representative for the companyRead MoreOrganizational Variables : Acme Electronics3348 Words   |  14 Pagesorganizational chart of Acme it is clear that there is a high degree of differentiation. †¢ Support function - e.g. purchasing †¢ Production function - e.g. drafting, production and engineers †¢ Managerial function - e.g. (vice) president and manager. The case does not provide enough information to establish with certainty if the maintenance and adaptive function are present in the organization, but it can be assumed that they are in the form of the engineers. The manager received the blue print and sentRead MoreOffice Equipment and Its Effectiveness to the Office Essay1942 Words   |  8 Pageseffectiveness and proper use of office equipment within an office. I chose this particular topic because I found it to be quite interesting and pretty much straight forward. Out of all the topics that I have covered throughout my Office Procedures studies, the topic of office equipment stood out the most. Learning about office equipment made me wonder how a company would manage without it. In this course work, the writer intends to research office equipment and their uses. There would be comparisonsRead MoreStrict Deadlines And Organizational Performance967 Words   |  4 Pagescurrency notes and the ones used in machinery and equipment like photocopiers and printers. Special focus ought to be given to organizations that deal with manufacturing and processing that involves first-hand use of chemical materials. Otherwise and in commonplace office settings, most respondents failed to consider chemical exposure as a health and safety hazard that affects organizational performance in a serious manner. In the cases where employees have direct contact with chemical materials, there

Importance Of Adequate Prenatal Care Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(215) " and merely intends to detect the impact of an intercession that is already in advancement without pull stringsing any of the variables, hence there are minimum hazards associated with it \( Rochon et al, 2005 \) \." Critical analysis of research surveies is one of the most of import stairss towards incorporation of grounds into pattern ( Burns A ; Grove, 2007 ) . This paper is an effort towards accomplishing this end. The paper critically analyzes the article â€Å" Group prenatal attention and preterm birth weight: Consequences from a matched cohort survey at public clinics † by Ickovics et al. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance Of Adequate Prenatal Care Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now ( 2003 ) . This purpose will be achieved by consecutive reviewing the research job, the literature reappraisal, rules of research moralss employed in the survey, the underlying theoretical model, the research hypothesis, the sampling technique, the research design, informations aggregation methods, the analysis, and the recommendation proposed by the writers. Finally, the paper will stop with an overall assessment of the strength and restrictions of the survey. Rationale: This peculiar research paper was analyzed as the construct of group prenatal attention has non been investigated in item yet. While reexamining the literature on the stated subject the limited supporting groundss for group prenatal attention was found. Merely 01 RCT ( Ickovics et al.2007 ) , 01 matched cohort survey ( Ickovics et al.2003 ) , and 03 pilot surveies with descriptive analysis were found ( Baldwin, 2006 ; Grady and Bloom, 1998 ; Rising, 1998 ) . The comparative analysis of all 05 surveies is shown in appendix 1. Chosen survey is the lone one which examined the impact of group versus single prenatal attention on birth weight and gestational age. Discussion The job: The job studied by Ickovics et Al. ( 2003 ) is that, whether group prenatal attention has a important impact on the perinatal result like birth weight, and gestational age. This job is highly important to nursing, for a figure of grounds. The first ground as described by Ickovics EL Al. ( 2003 ) , is the important relationship of these perinatal results with â€Å" neonatal morbidity and mortality † ( p. 1052 ) . Neonatal mortality is one of the countries of concern for nursing due to high mortality rates around the universe and particularly in developing states ( Straughn et al.,2003 ) . Purpose: The intent for carry oning the survey has been explicitly stated by Ickovics et Al. ( 2003 ) . The declared intent can be accomplished really good because both the results that are birth weight and gestational age, are measureable and therefore the research job is testable ( Haber A ; Cameon, 2005 ) . A quantitative attack is suited for this survey as the variables are quantifiable and can be described objectively in Numberss. Ickovics et Al. ( 2003 ) have introduced the job statement after giving a brief background of the importance of the equal prenatal attention, and the factors that determine the equal prenatal attention. They so introduce the topic of group antenatal attention as a â€Å" structural invention † in the sphere of antenatal attention ( Ickovicd et al. , 2003, p. 1052 ) , and so portion the job statement that this advanced method of proviso of prenatal attention has non been tested yet. The writers have stated the implicit in premises of the survey. Ickovics et Al. ( 2003 ) believe that more clip the pregnant adult females spent together, the better will be their apprehension of the wellness behaviours, and they will have more societal support from each other. This will cut down their hazard behaviours for case smoke taking to low birth weight. The restrictions of the survey have besides been discussed explicitly in the article Ickovics et Al. ( 2003 ) admit that their survey is limited because of non-random choice of the adult females for group antenatal attention. The restriction is realistic because the pattern was already in topographic point and research workers wanted to detect the results in relation to the two different attacks to care. Furthermore, this is an built-in characteristic of the cohort design that the groups are selected on the footing of their exposure or non-exposure to a peculiar phenomenon which is non controlled by the research worker, inste ad the pick is made by the topic themselves. This characteristic of the cohort design makes it prone to â€Å" choice prejudice. â€Å" ( Rochon et al. , 2005 ) . Reappraisal of Literature The reappraisal of the literature presented by Ickovics et al. , ( 2003 ) is comprehensive. It starts by stressing the importance of equal prenatal attention in footings of perinatal results. It so focuses on the factors that make the prenatal attention adequate. The writers so depict the group antenatal attention as a construction invention designed to do the prenatal attention adequate, and they appreciate that this new attack has non been tested yet for its efficaciousness in bettering antenatal results. The reappraisal so proceeds with a brief description of Centering Pregnancy Program and its constituents, which eventually leads to the statement of intent of the survey. The reappraisal ends with a principle for the choice of survey population that is black and Latinas adult females who are vulnerable for inauspicious perinatal outcomes. There is an apparent relationship of the reappraisal with the intent of survey in that the writers have presented merely those surveies that are pertinent to perinatal attention and that have established the efficaciousness of group attention in other population. The reappraisal includes a mix of recent and old surveies. As this survey was accepted for publication in 2003, most of the surveies cited in the reappraisal were non current, that is those surveies were non published in the last five old ages of the day of the month when this survey was accepted for publication ( Burns A ; Groove, 2007 ) ; and there are merely 10 out of 26 surveies, that were current and were published in the last five old ages of the day of the month of credence of the survey under consideration, for publication. The reappraisal clearly indicates that the other intercessions that have been planned to augment antenatal attention were non found to be effectual in bettering the adult females ‘s perinatal result. Ethical Consideration: The survey has been designed in a mode that there are minimal hazards to the topics. Since this is a non experimental survey and merely intends to detect the impact of an intercession that is already in advancement without pull stringsing any of the variables, hence there are minimum hazards associated with it ( Rochon et al, 2005 ) . You read "Importance Of Adequate Prenatal Care Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" However, the research workers have non made any excess attempt to maximise the benefits for the topics. There is no reference of how and when informed consent was attained from the topics, but this may hold non been reported as it was an experimental survey and most likely was related to quality betterment and do non necessitate consent. The research workers have obtained the blessing of research from institutional reappraisal boards at these clinics. Besides, at one point, the writers have described their attempts to keep namelessness of the topics . The writers explained that while choosing matched cohort for the survey they entered all the information needed to choose the cohort, except for the patient designation information. Theoretical/Conceptual Model: The survey is based on an implicit in model that is the focus oning gestation theoretical account. The implicit in premises of the survey are derived from the theoretical account that includes the belief that larning in groups promote shared support, alteration in behaviour, and job resolution accomplishments and it has important impact on the birth result ( Rising, 1998 ) . The principle for the usage of the model is apparent from the fact that the full construct of group prenatal attention is based on this theoretical account and implicit in premises. In fact, the research job and the intent are besides derived from the same theoretical account, because the intent of the survey is to analyze the impact of group antenatal attention. Hypothesis: The hypothesis to be tested by the survey is officially stated in the article. The hypothesis is derived from the research job and hence predicts that â€Å" babies of adult females in group prenatal attention would hold significantly higher birth weight and be less likely to be delivered preterm compared with those who received single prenatal attention † ( Ickovics et Al, 2003, p. 1052 ) . This is a complex hypothesis as it predicts the relationship between one independent variable ( proviso of group antenatal attention ) , and two independent variables ( birth weight and gestational age ) . The hypothesis can besides be categorized as directional hypothesis, as it predicts the expected way of the relationship between proviso of group prenatal attention, birth weight, and gestational age. Harmonizing to Polit A ; Beck ( 2008 ) â€Å" a directional hypothesis indicates that the research worker has rational committedness to the hypothesized result, which might ensue in preju dice. † ( p.99 ) . Haber A ; Cameron ( 2005 ) hence suggest that directional hypothesis should merely be formed on the footing of sound literature groundss and theoretical footing. In this instance, Ickovics et Al ( 2003 ) have got sound literature support, and since group prenatal attention is one of the ways to augment the content of antenatal attention ; hence, the writers have hypothesized that group prenatal attention will take to improved birth weight and gestational age. Besides, there is sound theoretical base to this hypothesis, as it is based on the focus gestation theoretical account. The hypothesis is spelled out clearly and it objectively describes the result variables ( Polit A ; Back, 2008 ) , that is perinatal results have been quantified and objectively described as birth weight and gestational age. Sampling: Ickovics et Al ( 2003 ) clearly described the population as â€Å" Black and Hispanic pregnant adult females of low socioeconomic position, come ining antenatal attention at 24 or less hebdomads of gestation. † ( p.1051 ) .The writers have besides described in item the features of the sample such as race, age, para, and metropolis of abode. The elaborate and comprehensive description of the sample gives an in deepness apprehension of the sample ‘s features and determines the generalisation of the findings to a specific population based on these features ( Haber A ; Singh, 2005 ) . In this instance, looking at the features of the sample, the findings can be generalized to black and Latino pregnant adult females of low socioeconomic group, aged 25 or younger, as more than 85 % of the sample consisted of black adult females who were 25 old ages old or younger. Sample ‘s features help in determine heterogeneousness or homogeneousness of the sample ( Haber A ; Singh, 2005 ) . In this instance, some of the sample ‘s features that had the possible to move as cofounders, for case age, race, para, history of preterm labour and entire figure of visits were matched in both the groups. This resulted in homogeneousness among the two groups in footings of the above mentioned features. The matching of the two groups on the footing of these features besides reduced the possible sampling prejudice that could hold resulted if the groups would ‘ve been different in footings of these features and the ensuing wellness behaviours. If the groups were non matched, these differences in groups could hold accounted for the differences in results, instead than intercession itself. Ickovics et Al ( 2003 ) have described the sample choice procedure in item. They have besides indicated the possible sampling prejudice due to miss of randomisation while inscribing topics in group prenatal attention. Women, who voluntarily enrolled themselves in the group antenatal attention programme at the clinics, were recruited as participants in the group that received group prenatal attention. Ickovics et Al ( 2003 ) have besides comprehensively described the controls that they have utilized to minimise trying mistake or trying prejudice, that is, they have indiscriminately selected the comparing group through a computing machine programme on the footing of first available patient with closest bringing day of the month, by fiting some of the features of the intervention group. The clinics from where the topics were recruited were besides selected by non chance trying method, choosing merely those clinics that served minority adult females from low socio economic background. The non chance trying method employed in the survey fits good with the degree of enquiry and design of the survey as Haber A ; Singh ( 2005 ) supported â€Å" non experimental surveies normally use non chance, purposive sampling method. † ( p. 53 ) The sample size taken by Ickovics et Al ( 2003 ) , that is N=458 is sufficiently big. Each group had 229 research topics. The sufficiency of the sample size was assured by carry oning a power analysis that â€Å" 229 braces had a power of 0.80 to observe a little effectaˆÂ ¦reflecting the ability to observe a difference between the two intervention groups of 155 g. † ( p. 1053 ) . Harmonizing to Burns A ; Groove ( 2007 ) the power of 0.8 is the minimal acceptable degree of power for any survey. Research Design: Ickovics et Al ( 2003 ) have used cohort design, which is besides known as longitudinal prospective design. The cohort design, which is a non experimental design, is appropriate for the degree of enquiry of the survey. In this the research workers intended to analyze the difference between the results of the adult females who received group perinatal attention versus who received single attention. LoBiondo-Wood, Haber A ; Singh ( 2005 ) supported that longitudinal design is rather appropriate for proving the difference between the two groups in footings of results variables. However, Ickovics et Al ( 2003 ) could hold used an experimental design for this survey, if they wanted to find the cause and consequence relationship between the group prenatal attention and perinatal results. This would besides hold assured randomisation of topics into intercession and control group and would hold given a higher degree of grounds. However, they may hold chosen non experimental survey design in stead than experimental design to analyze the impact of group prenatal attention in a natural scene, and non in a control survey puting. As discussed in the sampling subdivision, possible effects of unwanted variables like race, age, para, metropolis of abode, history of preterm labour, and entire figure of antenatal visits have been controlled by Ickovics et Al ( 2003 ) by fiting the cohorts on the footing of these features, in order to guarantee important internal cogency of the survey ( Polit A ; Beck, 2008 ) . Besides, Ickovics et Al ( 2003 ) have recruited a big sample to guarantee a power of 0.8 for the survey, which is besides one of the ways to maximise the internal cogency of the survey ( Polit A ; Beck, 2008 ) . Data Collection: Before informations aggregation the research workers have to operationalize the variables of involvement ( Sullivan-Bolyani, et al 2005 ) . Ickovics et Al ( 2003 ) have operationalized gestational age as term or preterm based on the hebdomads of gestation as measured by the last catamenial period and ultrasound. Subjects ‘ demographics information and the figure of antenatal visits were obtained from the medical records of the clinic. It has non been mentioned that who determined gestational age through ultrasound, who measured the newborn ‘s weight, and who retrieved informations from medical records. It is truly of import to cognize who collected informations in order to set up its truth, as the expertness and preparation of the information aggregator has important impact on the rightness and preciseness of informations ( Sullivan-Bolyai et Al, 2005 ) . Quantitative Analysis: Ickovics et Al ( 2003 ) have used both descriptive and illative statistics to analyze the information. Since the intent of the survey was to analyze the differences between the two groups, therefore the illative statistics was used that is McNemar trial, which is appropriate to the degree of enquiry due to fit groups. It is besides appropriate to the cohort design as this design besides intends to mensurate differences between the two groups, in footings of result variables ( Polit A ; Beck, 2008 ) . The other illative statistical trial used is paired t-test which is besides appropriate for the survey as it is used to prove differences between the agencies of two groups that are matched or paired with each other on the footing of certain features ( Polit A ; Beck, 2008 ) . Another statistic used in the survey is the F statistic. It appears as if the writers have used F statistic when using multiple additive arrested development because F statistic has been used while bespeaking the interaction consequence between birth weight and preterm bringing ( p. 1054 ) . Linear arrested development is used to explicate how much variableness in result variable is attributable to the independent variable ( Burns A ; Groove, 2007 ) . The writers have used descriptive statistic to depict the distribution of demographic variables among the topics like age, race and para. They besides have used descriptive analysis to depict the distribution of demographic variables among the distribution of results variables ( birth weight and gestational age ) among the sample. Ickovics et Al ( 2003 ) have used parametric every bit good as non parametric statistics, for case t-test for matched braces is a parametric trial while McNemar trial is a non parametric trial. As few variables have been measured on the ratio degree of measuring, for case figure of antenatal visits, hence Ickovics et Al ( 2003 ) had the autonomy to use parametric statistic. Ickovics et Al ( 2003 ) had measured the result variables of birth weight and gestational age on nominal degree. The birth weight was categorized as low birth weight ( less than 2500 g ) , and really low birth weight ( less than 1500 g ) and the gestational age was categorized as term or preterm ( less than 37 hebdomads of gestation ) . Therefore, research workers were besides able to use non parametric statistic that is McNemar trial ( Polit A ; Beck, 2008 ) . The consistence in the consequences of descriptive and illative statistics confirms the rightness of the findings ( Polit A ; Beck, 2008 ) . There is a logical nexus between the statistical analysis and the findings of the survey. Besides, there is consistence in the consequences presented in Numberss and consequence presented in text, for case in the above illustration, the statistical consequence shows p lt ; 0.01 which is statistically important, and this is good supported by the account that is birth weight was greater in babies of adult females who received group prenatal attention versus single prenatal attention. However, Ickovics et Al ( 2003 ) have non explicitly stated whether they have taken unvarying degree of significance for all the statistical trials performed or are different for each trial, and if so so what is the degree of significance for each trial. The graphical and tabular presentations are accurate and appropriate and lucifers with the findings presented in text ( Sullivan-Bolyayi, et Al, 2005 ) . The statistics presented in these tabular arraies and the graphs are harmonizing to their appropriate degree of measuring. For case in table 2, mean and standard divergences have merely been calculated for the birth weight which is the lone ratio degree informations in that tabular array, the other variables that are at nominal degree of measuring were calculated in per centums ( Sullivan-Bolyayi, et Al, 2005 ) . The writers have non merely established the significance of findings, but they have besides described the clinical significance of the consequences. Decision and Recommendations: The consequences derived from informations analysis are clearly stated and explained with mention to the research inquiry and hypothesis. The findings are stated compactly and the writers have related their findings with the research intent and its implicit in premises. Ickovics et Al ( 2003 ) have discussed that the findings can be generalized among adult females who are vulnerable for preterm births. This seems to be an overgeneralization beyond the survey population, because the survey sample and the mark population was black and Latino adult females who were high hazard for preterm birth and were of low socioeconomic position. These findings may non be applicable to all the adult females who are at hazard of preterm births without stipulating their ethnicity and socioeconomic position. Ickovics et Al ( 2003 ) have besides discussed the possible benefits of implementing the findings. The writers have besides recommended that farther research needs to be done for finding the exact mechanisms involved in group prenatal attention that consequences in improved perinatal result. Another recommendation is to widely use group antenatal attention in future, nevertheless, the writers besides appreciate that it is non easy to present such large structural alterations. Strengths and restrictions of the survey: Overall, the survey is a good attempt in analyzing the impact of group antenatal attention on perinatal results. A good formulated hypothesis, relevant and comprehensive literature reappraisal, an in deepness history of sample ‘s features, good thought research design and statistical analysis are strengths of the survey. However, randomisation of topics at the clip of enlisting, employment of research moralss such as voluntary engagement and realistic generalisation of the findings would hold added more strength to it. Appendix 1 Pregnancy results: Group vs single prenatal attention Survey Study Design Results: Group Vs Individual Prenatal Care OR ( 95 % CI ) NNT Ickovics JR et Al ( 2007 ) . RCT N=1047 Preterm births 0.67 ( 0.44-0.98 ) 25 Preterm births in African American adult females 0.59 ( 0.38-0.92 ) 17 Breastfeeding induction 1.73 ( 1.28-2.35 ) 8 Less-than-adequate prenatal care* 0.68 ( 0.50-0.91 ) 16 A RESULTS ( P VALUE ) A Ickovics JR et Al ( 2003 ) . Matched cohort N=458 Birth weight ( g ) 3228 V 3159 ( P lt ; .01 ) – Preterm birth weight ( g ) 2398 V 1990 ( P lt ; .05 ) – Grady MA et Al ( 2004 ) . Cohort survey with clinic comparing N=124 ( intercession ) Preterm births lt ; 37 wk ( % ) 10.5 V 25.7 ( P lt ; .02 ) 7 Low birth weight lt ; 2500 g ( % ) 8.8 V 22.9 ( P lt ; .02 ) 7 Breastfeeding at infirmary discharge ( % ) 46 V 28 ( P lt ; .02 ) 6 Rising ( 1998 ) Descriptive analysis N=111 3rd trimester exigency room visits ( % ) 26 V 74 ( P=.001 ) 2 Baldwin ( 2006 ) 2-group pre-/post-test design N=98 Change in antenatal cognition scoresaˆ 0.98 V 0.4 ( P=.03 ) – CI, assurance interval ; NN T, figure needed to handle ; OR, odds ratio. *Kotelchuck Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization Index, a validated marking graduated table embracing timing of induction of attention, figure of visits, and quality and content of antenatal attention. Kotelchuck M. An rating of the Kessner Adequacy of Prenatal Care Index and the proposed Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization Index. Am J Public Health. 1994 ; 84:1414-1420. Referee: Williams, K.J andA Kaufmann, L ( 2009 ) The diary of household pattern, 58, ( 7 ) How to cite Importance Of Adequate Prenatal Care Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Quinceanera by Judith Ortiz Cofer

Quinceanera is a poem written by Judith Ortiz that talks about a young girl preparing for her transition from a child into a woman. In Spanish, the word Quinceanera is used to refer to a celebration that is done to celebrate the transformation of a girl into a woman where she matures and becomes responsible. In the poem, Judith Cofer looks at the changes she had to undergo when she turned fifteen. She succeeds in conveying a myriad of emotions and changes she endured in a vivid manner that has been praised by many critics.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Quinceanera by Judith Ortiz Cofer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The culture of Latin society shapes the central theme of the poem. In the Latino communities, the Quinceanera is one of the most important celebrations as it marks the entrance of a young girl into womanhood usually at the age of fifteen. The Quinceanera is an elaborate and communal affai r that is conducted by the girl’s parents. The celebration usually begins with a Catholic mass that is followed by a reception where fourteen couples attend the girl. We can, therefore, see that Judith Cofer borrows heavily from the Latin social culture while writing the poem (Kennedy and Pearson 586). Throughout the poem, the speaker makes use of the first person voice ‘I or My’. Also, the speaker’s voice and the utilization of word choice discloses her identity as a female. This is illustrated in the phrase â€Å"I reach under my skirt to feel a satin slip† (Cofer 116). The quinceanera is associated with a specific ritual that involves a traditional waltz dance that is performed by the father and daughter. The occasion is also involves toasting of wine and the girl throwing a bouquet to a group of boys to determine who will have the honors of dancing with the young woman. Although the celebration is usually time-consuming and expensive, it marks a n important time in many families. To the speaker of the poem, the ceremony only contributed to heightening her anxiety, and this can be seen from the line â€Å"†¦waiting for each hour to release me.† She is nervous and cannot wait for the celebration to end (Stavans, 96). She dreads being a woman and having to do most of the things that were done for her. Judith Cofer in her poem explores the problems of being a woman. In a society, that sees a woman as inferior to a man; she is opposed to the changes that accompany womanhood. This she says is one of the reasons that drove her to write the poem based on her own experiences when she turned fifteen.Advertising Looking for research paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the poem, at fifteen, she is maturing and has to do away with childish behaviors since she is now becoming a woman. This marks the beginning of a new life where she would be responsible for most of the things she had done for her. This is evident in the line â€Å"I am to wash my own clothes and sheets from this day on,† where the poet complains about doing her laundry (Stavans, 96). In the poem, the poet sees herself as a young girl confined in a mature girl’s body. She is seen admiring herself in a beautiful dress with her hair well fixed as she imagines of maturing on the day and becoming a woman. The poem is thus about how everyone believes of maturing up and stopping all the childish behaviors, though at times it may be hard to appreciate the transition. According to the poem, there is a time for being a child and a time to grow into an adult. The writer employs persona, and this is seen when the young girl tries to explain her feelings about growing up into an adult. The writer has also employed a lot of imagery in the poem especially when the young girl in the poem tries to explain her changing looks and emotions. The use of figura tive language has helped to make the poetry rich. For example, the fifth line says, â€Å"It is soft as the inside of my thighs† which not only captures the imagination of the reader but also makes the poem interesting. The use of figurative language also helps in emphasizing on the changes she is experiencing when her childhood is ending, and she is turning into a woman. The young girl is scared and dreads becoming a woman. In the poem, she compares herself to a broken clock, and she is scared that as her skin broadens it will break her bones. The poet writes, â€Å"At night I hear myself growing and wake to find my hands drifting of their own will to soothe skin stretched tight over my bones† (Cofer 116). To the young girl, the only good thing that left of her childhood is the memories she has of a time when everything was fun and straightforward. The transition to adulthood has been a struggle for the young girl. She sees that after turning into a woman, she will pu t on satin slips and her days as a naà ¯ve girl who plays with toys will be long gone. Her definition of being a woman is that she will have to do more of the household tasks such as washing her laundry as she prepares for marriage.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Quinceanera by Judith Ortiz Cofer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Her body changes are making her worried and the fact that her menstrual periods have started makes her feel ashamed of being a woman. She cries that states â€Å"the little trickle of blood I believe travels from my heart to the world were shameful† (Stavans, 96). Losing her toys seems to affect her so much that she is afraid that her new direction in life will not permit her to play with them and this makes her nervous. In the first two lines of the poem, she cries that her doll is being packed like a dead child. To her, this signifies the death of her childhood and th e beginning of a new life that she detests. While concluding the poem, the writer gives her fear of being a woman and her life being â€Å"wound twisted like the guts of a clock† (Cofer 116). Conclusion The transition from childhood to adulthood is one of the crucial steps in everyone’s life. To some, it can be easy and appreciated, but to others, the transition is filled with a lot of fear, anxiety, and resentment. Judith Cofer’s transformation into a woman was one of the hardest periods in her life. She writes the poem to illustrate the mixed feelings she had during the transition and the events that marked this transition. The changes in her body and the expectations of the society made her embarrassed and resentful of the transition. Work Cited Cofer, Ortiz. Silent dancing: a partial remembrance of a Puerto Rican childhood. New York: Arte Publico Press, 1990.Print Kennedy and Pearson, Gioia. An introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing. New York: P earson Longman, 2004.Print Stavans, Ilan. Quinceaà ±era. Santa Barbara: Greenwood, 2010.Print This research paper on Quinceanera by Judith Ortiz Cofer was written and submitted by user Reuben Spencer to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.